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Psychology & Psychiatry
May 1, 2010

Societal Assumptions on Abuse and the Victim’s Perspective

By Divya Mathur, PhD | 5 Comments | 
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Dark basement stairs

Sexual abuse of children is morally revolting and a topic wrought with emotions. In the past few decades, awareness of the prevalence of child abuse and its psychological repercussions has increased. A “trauma model” has been built around sexual abuse that perceives it as being directly traumatic and frightening, and necessarily damaging.

Many psychologists now argue that what hurts most victims is not just the actual experience of abuse itself, but the meaning of the experience. How victims make sense of what happened and how these understandings make them feel about themselves and others have more long term psychological consequences.

Victims who were deeply traumatized by their experience are often angry and don’t feel guilty. However, many victims of childhood sexual abuse know and trust their abuser. They do not fully understand what is being done. Many such victims, in retrospect, reported that they did not initially experience the incidents as traumatic, they weren’t terrified; rather they were ‘uncomfortable and confused’. Any suffering they experienced came later, in the form of shame and guilt that they had somehow “consented” or that they did not experience the abuse as a horrifying trauma that the popular theory dictates they were supposed to have felt.

Victims whose experience was different might feel such because their case does not fit into the ‘trauma model’. When such victims mature and develop the capacity to understand their experience, they are confronted with a rhetoric that classifies sexual abuse as typically traumatic and frightening. They may learn to believe that their experience is abnormal and that there is something wrong with them. This may prevent them from seeking treatment, report the crimes, or worse they may believe that they never actually experienced sexual abuse.

Sometimes, well intentioned health professionals, whose interpretations of abusive experiences are more traumatic than actual events and effects, over emphasize abuse’s violence and fear which may differ from the actual experiences that victims might have had.

There is no doubt that using children for sex is an awful crime and it is also true that victims are often traumatized and need help. However, just as we now accept that “one size does not fit all” in treatment regimes, and that there is a need for personalized medicine, perhaps it is also time to accept these differences that different abuse victims might feel. Are we harming victims of abuse more by expecting them to feel traumatized? There is a danger of survivors being hence “victimized” not only by their abusers but also by the industry dedicated to helping them.

This line of thought is very controversial, going against the grain on an issue as sensitive as this may be misinterpreted by many as being insensitive to or complacent about sexual abuse. Everyone will agree that survivors of abuse need sensitivity and by respecting a victim’s personal perception of the incident is only a step towards achieving that goal.

References

Loftus, E., & Frenda, S. (2010). Bad Theories Can Harm Victims Science, 327 (5971), 1329-1330 DOI: 10.1126/science.1187716

Susan A. Clancy. The Trauma Myth: The Truth About the Sexual Abuse of Children – and Its Aftermath. Basic Books, New York, 2010.

Divya Mathur, PhD

Dr. Mathur holds a PhD in molecular biology with several peer reviewed journal articles. She currently writes about medical research for the lay audience.

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5 Responses

  1. Anthony K says:
    May 1, 2010 at 2:49 pm

    An interesting point of view. Until recently I worked with very difficlt and damaged boys in a special school, some of whom – without doubt more than I knew about – had been sexually abused. I never got involved with any counselling to do with that specific area (though if I had concerns I certainly passed them on) but one or two things certainly struck me. The first was that the immediate consequences for the child of disclosure were, and would be, traumatic in themselves; the horror of social workers, police, family and others at the abuse itself, the process of endless interviews, case conferences, legal procedings and so on, and on and on could constitute a life event worse, psychologically, than whatever had actually happened, instilling a guilt in the victim that would last far longer than the (possibly) relatively mild events that inspired them.

    I felt quite strongly that, in cases without severe trauma or coercion, the child was in fact very badly served by the system set up to protect them.

    I mean if, on whatever level, the child had “consented” to a relationship with an adult – often a trusted one – then the child itself was somehow guilty: for if he wasn’t, why were all these awful things happening to him?

    (I became rather loathe to voice this. At one child protection course where I brought this up the instructor said: “that’s what paedophiles claim.” That shut me up.)

    But I don’t know the answer to this. We can’t downplay CSA, we can’t ignore it, and we must prevent it legally in every way we can: it does, however, seem unpleasantly ironic that our response to a victim’s disclosure seems exquisitely designed to prolong the victim’s suffering and to create in his or her mind the most fertile grounds for subsequent, lifelong trauma.

    I was also watching am interview documentary about two 11-year-old British girls who had been aducted, raped, and imprisoned for several days by a paedophile – pretty much the nightmare scenario, except that they were found, and saved. One of the girls (who are now OK and grown up) recalled her unhappiness for years afterwards with the breakdown of her relationship with her friend. This had to do with their counselling: after about a year the friend refused to go, while the other girl had to continue, and she found the constant reference, over and over again, to the events themselves destructive and distasteful – in a sense, the well-meaning counsellor was merely repeating and perpetuating the abuse itself.

    Sorry for the long post. I can’t see an obvious answer – perhaps it begins with an acknowledgement that there is a problem here and that society’s often hysterial response to paedophilia can sometimes harm the victims themselves.

    Reply
  2. Tamara says:
    May 2, 2010 at 11:18 am

    Thx so much for this. I have personally railed against the insensitivity of people who automatically assume that someone who is abused as a child is going to be screwed up their whole life. Except this isn’t the case for all abuse victims. Many grow up, hand their issues and move on. It’s society that wants to cage them in as perpetual victims, which makes it hard to even talk about after the healing’s done, because people will end up judging healed “victims” after the problem has been dealt with.

    I wish we had a Mental Health Revolution like Jamie Oliver’s doing for healthy eating, ordinary people are so I’ll-prepared and under-equipped to handle these subjects and end up being insensitive and judgmental when what theyneed to be is compassionate and accepting.

    Speaking from experience… When folks find out what kind of childhood I had to endure, they actually want to deny me that reality because I’m otherwise so “put together” in their eyes, they can’t believe I would fit inside their personal definition of “damaged goods” (a permanent condition) which is, by and large, the prevailing stereotype in our culture.

    Reply
  3. Eli says:
    May 4, 2010 at 6:24 am

    Add me to the list of those who found the original sexual contact between me and the adult unacceptable, but certainly not ‘traumatic’ in any way. But I sure as hell did find the way others reacted to my revelations about the experience two decades later to be a very major life trauma, from which, a further two decades on, I still am trying to pick up the pieces and make something resembling a life. And I was supposed to be the victim that they were all ‘helping’! What a brutally incompetent farce.

    I bitterly regret ever mentioning it to anybody. (This is the first time I have since then.)

    Hysterical moralistic vigilantism from middle-class mediocrities, gutless opportunism from the political and legal class, and professional empire building by the psycho-babblers. A truly lethal cocktail.

    Reply
  4. Morgan says:
    May 18, 2010 at 3:35 pm

    It is a very interesting article and i definately agree with everything that has been said. I am only a 17 year old student and this sort of thing strikes me, as with everyone else, as wrong and vile.

    But the problem is, the social perception of somebody who has been sexually abused is that they are going to be totally anti-social with the whole ‘relationship’ aspect of their life. I think that what society needs to be told and made to understand is that often these things (whilst needing to be dealt with for a short time) need to be left alone after a while because the ongoing reptition of the events in somebody’s head can lead to an even worse recreation of the vent, due to the wonderful, or in this case horrible, system of cretivity that the mind holds. Normally a while after the event has happened, some aspects of it are left behind in the even expanding line of time, and so are forgotten, thus leaving gaps in the event of the memory. Normally when the event is ignored there is no need for the memory blanks to be filled in, and it is when councelling comes in that the need by others for the whole event to come out forces the mind to think up what might have happened, often making it seem worse that it actually was in relation to how they feel about the abuse now.

    Also, just to add to what has been said before, i feel that a lot of the children that feel that they were in the wrong for being abused feel that way because often (in 50/50 of the cases) they are too young to really understand in the entirety what has happened. And since, as was stated before, that they often know and trust the person, and therefore look up to them, then the child may think that the adult knows more about what was going on than they do and can be left to feel as though they know nothing and so must trust the adult and agree with them.

    Sorry for the long post, just had a few things that i needed to say, for everyone to think about

    Reply
  1. Situationism in the Blogosphere – May, Part I « The Situationist says:
    June 7, 2010 at 9:02 pm

    [...] From Brain Blogger: “Societal Assumptions on Abuse and the Victim’s Perspective” [...]

    Reply

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